Modified Fleischmann's lactometer method for sweet whey total solids estimation

Abstract:

An empirical equation for calculating the percentage of total solids (TS) of sweet whey from renneted whole and skim milk based on a modified Fleischmann's equation and density (DW) by lactometer and fat content determinations is presented. The density of whey solids not fat (SNF) was first calculated (DSNF ¼ 1.768 g mL1 ) from analytical values. TS were determined (n ¼ 34) gravimetrically and with the developed equation TS ¼ 1:152 Fat þ 2:302 ðDw 1Þ Dw 100; there was no significant difference between the mean values (0.00 ± 0.174 g 100 g1 , P > 0.05). The standard error of the mean for TS estimation by both methods was 0.06 g 100 g1 for whole sweet whey samples. The method can be adapted to other whey fluids provided the SNF density is initially known and substituted in the basic formula from which the TS equation is derived.

Conclusion:

The presented equation provides a simple, fast and accurate estimate of TS when applied to sweet whey with different fat content and obtained under the conditions of this study. The adoption and estimation of the total solids with the modified Fleischmann equation will surely depend on how exact the measurements are made, how large a mean difference should be allowed, how reproducible it is under the plant conditions, and how “whey generation/processing” changes the SNF, all of which will influence and modify the equation. In addition, this scientific approach could be adapted to other dairy fluids (e.g., MF- and UFpermeates obtained from milk membrane filtrations, whey from acid coagulation, whey from cheesemaking, etc.) provided the density (or the specific gravity) of SNF is initially determined. Credit Author Statement Alan Frederick Wolfschoon Pombo: Conceptualization, reviewing and re-writing. Formal analysis; editing; Supervision. Rodrigo Stephani: Conceptualization; Supervision; reviewing and rewriting; Resources, Data curation, Visualization; Project administration; Funding acquisition; editing. Italo Tuler Perrone: Conceptualization; Supervision; Resources, Data curation; Project administration; Funding acquisition; writing. Mariana Leite Simoes ~ e Silva: Investigation, Methodology; Validation; writing first draft. Alvaro Augusto Pereira Silva: Investigation; Methodology; Valida-  tion; writing first draft.

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[146} Wolfschoon-Pombo, A. F.; Stephani, R.; Perrone, I. T.; E Silva, M. L. S.; Silva, A. A. P. Modified Fleischmann's lactometer method for sweet whey total solids estimation. International Dairy Journal, 126, 105228, 2022.